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Ultimate European Timeline
The Ultimate European History Timeline from 1300 to present Note: Countries abbreviated by the 1st three letters of their name (i.e. Rus = Russia, WGe = West Germany, etc.) Exceptions are USSR and GB (Great Britain). It is by no means complete, but certainly makes a great, 20-page study guide. Also, I got a little bored and creative during the 1900s, so forgive me for some of the things I've said…. (I was writing this for the AP European History test, so toward the end, especially, I got a little loopy.) 1300-1400 1300-1325-> Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri written
1302-> bull Unam Sanctum issued by Boniface VIII
1315-1317-> Great Famine of the Middle Ages
1337-1453-> 100 Yrs. War
Feudalism in France over
1350-> Decameron by Boccaccio
1356-> Golden Bull creates German Electoral College
1358-> Jacquerie (peasant revolt) in France
1375-> Renaissance in Italy begins
1378-> Great Schism begins
Ciompi Revolt (Fra)
1380-1395-> Canterbury Tales by Chaucer
1381-> English peasants revolt
1390-1430-> Christine de Pisan writes in defense of women 1400-1500 1400s-> Center of Commercial Activity (German states)
1415-1433-> Hussite revolt in Bohemia
1425-1450-> Lorenzo Valla exposes Donation of Constantine
1429-> Joan of Arc leads French victory at Orleans
1434-> Medici rule begins in Florence
1437-> Pragmatic Sanction of Mainz (Ger States)
1438-> Election of Austrian Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors
Electors in some German States
1448-> Declaration of Church of Russia as Autocephalous
1450-> Thomas a Kempis, Imitation of Christ
End of Conciliar Movement (France)
Establishment of Universities (France)
1453-> Conclusion of 100 Yrs War
1454-> Invention of printing press by Johann Gutenburg
Insanity of Henry VI (Eng)/ regency of Richard, Duke of York
1455-> Recovery of Henry VI
-1471-> War of the Roses, England
1460-> Murder of Richard, Duke of York
1461-> Yorkists in power (Eng)
1465-> imprisonment of Henry VI
1466-> quarrel of Earl of Warwick with Edward IV (Eng)
Scotland allies with France
Peace of Thorn (Rus)
1469-> Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain
1470-> Flight of Edward IV to Burgundy
1471-> Edward IV returns to England
Death of Henry VI
Campaign against Novgorad (Rus)
1472-> Marriage of Ivan III to niece of last Byzantine Emperor
1475-> England invades France
1480s-1490s-> Exclusion of France from German provinces
Fugger Banking House (Ger States)
1480-> End of Mongol influence (Rus)
1483-> Death of Edward IV
Assassination of Little Princes (Eng)
1485-> Victory of Henry Tudor (VII) in War of Roses
Architectural Construction of Cathedral of Annunciation, New Kremlin, and Palace of Facets (Rus)
1486-> Houses of Lancaster and York unite thru marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
1487-> Henry VII creates Court of Star Chamber
1492-> Columbus sails the ocean blue
Expulsion of Jews from Spain
1494-> France invades Italy
End of Hanseatic League’s influence in Novgorad
1496-> England gains commercial treaty with the Netherlands
1498-> Vasco de Gama reaches India 1500-1600 1501-1502-> Peasant rebellions in the Ger States
1509-> Henry VIII marries Katherine of Aragon
1513-> Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince
Scotland, lead by James IV, invades England
1515-> Thomas Wosely becomes Lord Chancellor of Eng
1516-> Concordat of Bologna
Erasmus compiles a Greek New Testament
Thomas More’s Utopia
1517-> Martin Luther tacks up his 95 Thesis on the door of Castle Church in Wittenburg
First Russian books printed in Prague
Bundschuh Rebellion-Joss Fritz (Ger States)
1519-> Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor
Cortés lands in Mexico
-1522-> Magellan/crew circumnavigate globe
1521-> Diet of Worms
Luther officially excommunicated from RC Church
Henry VIII (Eng) declares himself “Defender of the Faith” (Catholicism)
1524-1525-> More peasant rebellions in the Ger States
1529-> Wosely no longer Chancellor, More is
Reformation Parliament called (Eng)
1530-> Augsburg Confession defines Lutheranism
1531-> Schmalkaldic League formed by Lutheran leaders
-1533-> Pizarro conquers Incas
1533-> Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII excommunicated
Eng begins trade with Rus
1534-> Henry VIII declared head of Anglican Church
Act of Supremacy (Eng)
Bible printed in Ger States
Cartier exploration of Canada
Convergence of religious zealots in Munster by John of Leyden
1536-> English dissolve monasteries
French alliance with Turks against Charles V
1540-> Thomas Cromwell executed
Jesuit order founded
Spanish silver mines open in the New World
1541-> John Calvin becomes Geneva’s reformer
1542-> England and Scotland go to war against each other
1543-> Copernicus’ On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres
1544-> English invasion of France
1545-1563-> Council of Trent (Fra)
1547-> Ivan the Terrible rules Russia
Protestant nobility controls Eng
-1548-> Diet of Augsburg
1549-> English Book of Common Prayer
1450-1600-> Great Witch Panics
1451-> Council of Hundred Chapters (Rus)
1553-> “Bloody” Mary gains throne in England
Persecution of English Protestants by Mary
Russia’s White Sea Trade Route opens
1554-> Imprisonment of Elizabeth (I)
1555-> Peace of Augsburg
1557-> Commercial Revolution (Fra)
1558-> Elizabeth I gains throne in England
Resurgence of Protestant control in England
Mary of Scots marries Francis II of France
Livonian War against Poland and Sweden (Rus)
1562-1598-> French Wars of Religion (Catholics vs. Huguenots)
1563-> Establishment of Anglican Church with 39 Articles
1564-> Peace of Troyes between England and France
First printing press in Moscow
1565-> Ivan IV’s Reign of Terror –Oprichnina
1567-> Scottish nobles rebel against England
Mary Queen of Scots abdicates to England
1568-> Imprisonment of Mary Queen of Scots
Beginning of revolts of Lowland countries against Philip II of Spain
1569-> Unification of Poland and Lithuania
1572-> St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
1577-> English alliance with the Netherlands
1587-> Mary Queen of Scots executed
1588-> English defeat of Spanish Armada
1589-> Henry IV becomes first French Bourbon King
Founding of Patriarchate of Moscow
1590s-> End of Golden Age of German Towns
1592-1601-> Irish Rebellion
1593-> Germanic wars for Aachen and Cologne
1598-> Henry IV (Fra) issues Edict of Nantes 1600-1700 1600-1700-> Period of greatest Dutch prosperity (yea tulips!)
Spain maintains commercial monopoly over Latin/South America (thru early 1700s)
1601-> Creation of East India Co.
Poor Law
1603-> Death of Elizabeth I
England and Scotland ruled by the same Monarch (James I)
1604-> Peace between England and Spain
1605-> Bacon, The Advancement of Learning
Shakespeare, King Lear
Corvantes, Don Quixote
1606-> Charters for the London and Plymouth Co.’s
1607-> Settlement of Jamestown
1608-> League of Protestant States under Palatine
French settle in Quebec
1609-> League of Catholic States under Bavaria
1610-> Moscow occupied by Poles
Henry IV dies (Fra)
1611-> King James’ version of The Bible
Swedes occupy Novgorod
1613-> Election of Romanov Dynasty (Rus)
Moscow reconquered
1614-> Addition of Cleves to Brandenburg
James I dissolves Parliament
Last meeting of the Estates-General before 1789 Revolution
1618-> 30 Yrs War begins (Phase 1 – Bohemian - until 1625)
Peace between Sweden and Russia
1619-> First African slaves in Jamestown, VA
Austrian defeat in 30 Yr. War with Ferdinand II’s attempt to strengthen empire
1622-> James I dissolves Parliament…again
1624-> English alliance with France
-1642-> Era of Richelieu in France (= a stronger central gov’t)
1625-> Phase 2 of 30 Yrs War (Danish – until 1629)
Charles I dissolves Parliament
1629-> Edict of Restitution (Ger States)
Peace of Alais with Huguenots (Fra)
Charles I dissolves Parliament…again – begins years of Charles’ personal rule
1630-> English peace with France and Spain
Beginning of Great Migration of Puritans
Phase 3 of the 30 Yrs War (Swedish-French – 1648)
1632-> Galileo, Dialogues on the Two Chief Systems of the World
1636-> Russian Patriarch orders musical instruments burned
1637-> Rebellion in Scotland
Descartes, Discourse on Method
1640-> opening of Short Parliament
Dissolution of Short Parliament
Opening of Long Parliament
Beginning of modern Prussia; centered in Brandenburg
1641-> Catholic revolt in Ireland
Grand Remonstrance of Parliament by Charles I
1642-> Start of the English Civil War- Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
1644-> Rebellion against Cardinal Mazarin
1648-> Treaty of Westphalia (1st multinational peace agreement)
1648-1658-> the Fronde
1649-> opening of Rump Parliament
Execution of Charles I
Creation of England as a Commonwealth
1650-> Suppression of Irish Catholic Rebellion
Defeat of Scotland
1651-> Navigation Acts (Eng- attempt to hurt Dutch shippers)
Hobbes, Leviathan
1652-1674-> English wars with the Dutch
1653-> Dissolution of Rump Parliament
Oliver Cromwell becomes “Lord Protector”
1654-> Unification of Ukraine
1655-1669-> First Northern War (Ger States)
1658-> Centralization of the Habsburg Monarchy by Leopold I (Austria, Hungary, Bohemia)
1659-> Peace of Pyrenees
1660-> Final Treaty of Olivia
Restoration of English monarchy with Charles II
Agreement to respect Magna Carta and Petition of Right
Russian postal linkage from Moscow to Berlin and Amsterdam
1662-> responsibility of poor to local, English gov.’s
1663-> beginning of “Eternal Reichstag”
1664-> Acquisition of New York from Dutch by English
1667-1672-> War of Devolution
1670-> Secret Treaty of Dover (Eng & Fra)
1671-> Revolt of Stenka Razin
1673-> Test Act (All office holders take communion in Anglican Church) (Eng)
1672-> Establishment of Russian embassies in major European countries
-1678-> Dutch War (Fra)
1679-> Occupation of Lorraine/Alsace
Habeas Corpus Act (Eng)
1681-> Occupation of Strasbourg
1682-> Peter the Great becomes czar
1683-> Siege of Vienna-route of the Turks by John Sobieski of Poland
French support Turkish siege of Vienna
1685-> Revocation of Edict of Nantes
Huguenots immigrate to Brandenburg
Suspension of Test Act by James II
Persecution of “Old Believers” (Rus)
1687-> Newton, Principa Mathematica
1688-> “Glorious Revolution”
William and Mary-joint monarchs
-1697-> War of the League of Augsburg (Fra)
1689-> English Bill of Rights
James II’s Rebellion fails
English Toleration Act
Mutiny Act
Restrictions placed against Irish Catholics (Penal Codes)
1690-> Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1694-> Establishment of the Bank of England
1695-> Beginning of Russian navy
1697-> Peace of Ryswick
1699-> Expulsion of Turks from Vienna 1700-1800 1700-1721-> Russia’s Great Northern War with Sweden
1701-> Act of Settlement (Eng)
Prussian title changed from Elector to King (Fredrick I)
1702-> Queen Anne’s War
-1714-> War of Spanish Succession
1703-> Conquest of St. Petersburg
1707-> Act of Union (creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain)
1709-> Russian victory over Swedes at Poltava
1710-> High property qualifications to become a Member of Parliament
1711-> South Sea Co. founded
1713-> Peace of Utrecht/Rastadt
Beginning of central role for Prussian Military
Pragmatic Sanction (Aus)
1714-> Parliament gains more power with accession the House of Hanover to the British throne
1715-> Jacobite uprisings in Scotland
-1763-> colonial rivalry in the Caribbean
1719-> Mississippi Bubble (Fra)
1720-> South Sea Co. shares collapse
1721-> Robert Walpole becomes first British Prime Minister
1723-> Rise of Cardinal Fleury
1725-> Establishment of Russian Academy of Sciences
Prussia enters the League of Hanover
1733-> War of Polish Succession
James Kay invents the flying shuttle
Voltaire, Letters on the English
1736-> Russo-Turkish War
1739-> War of Jenkin’s Ear
Peace of Belgrade draws frontier line between Austria and Turks
John Wesley begins to preach in fields
1740-> Maria Teresa gains Austrian throne
-1748-> War of Austrian Succession- Prussia seizes Austrian Silecia
1741-> Alaska discovered (Rus)
1744-> King George’s War (Eng)
1745-> 2nd Jacobite rebellion (Eng)
1748-> Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Hume, Inquiry to Human Nature
1750-> Approximate beginning of Industrial Revolution in Britain
Rousseau, Discourse on the Moral Effects of Arts and Sciences
1751-> 1st volume of Dideroit’s Encyclopedia published
1756-> Seven Years War- France, Russia, Austria vs. Prussia and Britain
1762-> Abolition of required state service by nobles (Rus)
Rousseau, Social Contract and Emile
1763-> Austria permanently looses Silesia
Treaty of Paris-France looses North American colonies
Proclamation Act
British dominance in India
1764-> Mutual defense pact between Prussia and Russia
Sugar Act (Eng)
1765-> Austrian co-ruled by Maria Teresa and Joseph II
Establishment of Free Economic Society (Rus)
Stamp Act
James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny
1766-> Repeal of Stamp Act
1767-> Law against peasant complaints (Rus)
Catherine the Great summons legislative body
Declaratory and Townshend Acts
1769-> Richard Arkwright’s waterframe
1770-> Boston Massacre
1771-1775-> Pugachev’s Rebellion
1772-> First Polish Partition
Gaspee Affair (Eng)
1773-> Regulation Act-Tea Act
1774-> Coercive Acts
Quebec Act
1775-> Tariff Union of most areas in Europe (Aus)
1776-> British colonists deliver the Declaration of Independence
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
1778-> France allies with 13 British colonies
1780-1790-> Austrian reforms under Joseph II (enlightened despot)
1781-> Kant, Critique of Pure Reason
1785-> Catherine the Great of Russia issues Charter of Nobility
1789-> Austrian peasant revolt
Estates General/National Assembly gathers
French Revolution begins
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (Fra)
1790-> Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fra)
1791-> Le Chapelier Law
Declaration of the Rights of Women (Olympe de Gouges)
1792-> France declares war on Europe
Austrian alliance with Prussia
Creation of 1st French Republic
Jacobin control of National Convention (Fra)
Louis XVI executed
Reign of Terror begins in France
Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication on the Rights of Women
1793-> 2nd partition of Poland
France proclaims Cult of Reason
1794-> Directory in control (Fra)
Wars of Independence break out in Latin and South America
1795-> 3rd partition of Poland
The Directory established in France
1797-> Treaty of Campo Formio
1798-> Malthus, Essay on the Principle of Population
1799-> Formation of 2nd Coalition between Britain, Austria and Russia
Russo-American Trading Co. established
Coup of Napoleon and establishment of Consulate
Introduction of Napoleonic Reforms 1800-1900 1801-> Treaty of Luneville- confirmation of terms at Campo-Formio
1802-> Formation of Russian ministries
Factory Act (Eng)
Treaty of Amiens
Napoleon’s Concordat with the Papacy
-1803-> Reorganization of German States
-1807-> War with third coalition (Fra)
1804-> Napoleon proclaims himself emperor
Creation of Austrian Empire
1805-> Napoleon defeats Austria at Ulm and Austerlitz
Treaty of Pressburg
Battle of Traflagar
1806-> Confederation of the Rhine
End of Holy Roman Empire
Napoleon defeats Prussia at Jena and Auerstadt
1807-> Treaty of Tilsit (Fra & Rus)
Milan Decree
Emancipation of Prussian serfs
1808-> Proclamation of Napoleon as “Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine”
Goethe, Faust I
1809-> Austrian War of Liberation
Russia annexes Finland
1810-> Marie Louise marries Napoleon
1812-> Austrian alliance with Napoleon for invasion of Russia
British war with USA
1813-> Austrian alliance with Russia against Napoleon
Napoleon defeated at Leipzig
Act of Confederation (Ger)
-1814-> German War of Liberation
1814-> Treaty of Chaumont against France
Treaty of Ghent
-1815-> Congress of Vienna
Austria gains Lombardy, Venetia, and Tyrol
Restoration of the Bourbons in France
-1820-> Ratification of Constitution by (German) states
1815-> 100 Days (Napoleon’s return)
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
Quadruple Alliance
Prussian membership in Holy Alliance
Burschencraft- German Youth movement
Prussian occupation of the Rhineland
Corn Laws
1816-> Abolition of Serfdom in Baltic States
London Riot
Adoption of Gold Standard
1817-> Rush-Bagot Treaty
1818-> German State Tariff Union (Zollverein)
Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
1819-> Carlsbad Decrees
University of St. Petersburg founded
Peterloo Massacre
Six Acts passed (Eng)
Byron, Don Juan
-1820’s-> Austrian suppression of German nationalistic movement
Metternich becomes master of the congress system (Aus)
1820-> Cato Street conspiracy (Eng)
British observation at the Congress of Troppau
Spanish Revolution begins
1821-> Suppression of revolt in Naples by Austrian Army
Opposition to Austrian troops suppressing Italian Insurrections (Eng)
Greek Revolution begins
1822-> Opposition to French troops suppressing Spanish Revolt (Eng)
1823-> British support Monroe Doctrine
France intervenes in Spanish Revolution
1825-> Decembrist Uprising (Rus)
1827-> Destruction of Turkish and Egyptian naval forces by Russia, France and Britain at Navarino Bay
1828-> Repeal of British Test Act of 1673
-1850-> first police departments in Europe established
1829-> Treaty of Adrianople between Russia and Turkey
Reallocation of Seats in House of Commons and increased suffrage reform bill (Eng)
Catholic Emancipation Act in Britain
1830s-1840s-> Cholera epidemics
1830-> July Ordinances (Fra)
July Revolution (Fra)
Russian suppression of Polish rebellion
Revolutionary activity in some German States
Serbia gains independence
-1850-> Railway building in Western Europe
1833-> Publication of Law of Codes (Rus)
Abolition of slavery in Britain
Outlawing of child labour under 9 yr.’s old with Factory Act (Eng)
1834-> New Poor Laws in Britain
1835-> Strauss, The Life of Jesus
1838-> First railroad constructed in Russia
Anti-Corn Law League formed
Chartist Charter
1839-> beginning of first Opium War (Eng)
1841-> Ban on individual sale of Russian peasants
1842-> Webster-Ashburton Treaty
British acquisition of Hong Kong in Treaty of Nanking
1846-> Corn Laws abolished
Oregon Treaty (Eng)
1847-> Formation of the Communist League
10 Hrs. Act (Eng)
1848-> The Year of Revolutions
February Revolution (Fra)
Creation of (French) National Workshops
“Bloody June Days” (Fra)
Establishment of 2nd French Republic
Fall of Metternich
Hungary separates from Austria in March Laws
Pan Slav Congress in Prague
Austrian counter revolution
Serfdom abolished in Austria-Hungary
Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto
British Public Health Act
1849-> March Revolution (Ger)
Germany returns to traditional ruling
Frankfurt Assembly meets
Sardinia-Piedmont invasion
Russian intervention of Hungarian uprising
1849-> Defeat of Sardinia-Piedmont forces
Defeat of Hungarian forces
Habsburgs in control of Austrian Empire Constitution
1850-> Falloux Law- schools under Catholic Clergy (Fra)
Prussian King issues a Constitution with a Parliament
British Liberal Party formed
-1880-> Jewish Emancipation in much of Europe
1851-> Louis Napoleon gains power in France
1852-> Proclamation of new French Empire
1853-> Crimean War begins
-1854-> Gorbineau, Essay on the Inequity of Human Races
-1856-> Austrian alliance with Western powers during Crimean War
-1870-> Haussmann redesigns Paris
1854-> British alliance with Turks in the Crimean War
1855-> Cavour leads Piedmont into Crimean War supporting GB and Fra
1856-> Neutralization of Black Sea
Treaty of Paris ends Crimean War
1857-> 2nd Opium War
Sepoy Rebellion
Revised British divorce law
1858-> Secret meeting between Napoleon III and Cavour
1859-> French troops to support Piedmont in war against Austria
French Armistice with Austria at Villafranca
Austrian invasion of Sardinia-Piedmont
Austrian loss of Lombardy
Darwin, Origin of Species
1860-> Free Trade Treaty between France and Great Britain
Emancipation Act (Rus)
Giribaldi invades Sicily and S. Italy
1861-> New Austrian constitution-creation of Reichsrat
Serfdom abolished in Russia
1862-> Otto Von Bismarck selected as Chancellor of Prussia
1863-> A Limited Liability Law (Fra)
1864-> Legalization of unions and strikes (Fra)
Prussian war with Austria against Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein
First International founded
Pope Pius IX, Syllabus on Errors
-1867-> French support for Maximilian in Mexico
1865-> Suspension of Austrian Constitution
University of Zurich admits women
1866-> Austro-Prussian War (7 Weeks War)-Prussian victory
Annexation of Schleswig, Holstein, Hanover, Nassau, Hesse-Cassel and Frankfurt by Prussia
1867-> Formation of the Northern German Confederation
Dual Monarchy formed in Austria-Hungary
Austrian loss of Venetia to Sardinia-Piedmont
British North America Act
Second Reform Bill (Eng)
1868-> Gladstone becomes Prime Minister
1869-> Suez Canal completed
Disestablishment of the Church of Ireland
1870-> Start of Franco-Prussian War
Recall of French troops protecting Pope
3rd French Republic created
Forester Education Act (Britain)
Irish Land Act
Italian State annexes Rome
Bismarck publishes a slightly altered Ems Telegram
1871-> Paris Commune
Franco-Prussian War ends
Unification of German States under Wilhelm I and Bismarck
Kulturkampf- laws against Catholics
Prussian Empire proclaimed
1873-> Economic depression
1874-> Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India
Britain is dominant stockholder of the Suez Canal
Disraeli becomes Prime Minister
1875-> Formation of German Social Democratic Party
Public Health and Artisan Dwelling Act (Eng)
1877-1878-> Russian victory in Russo-Turkish war
Treaty of San Stefano
1878-> Congress of Berlin
British occupation of Cyprus
University of London admits women as candidates for degrees
German antisocialist laws passed
-1880-> Introduction of “Socialistic” type legislation by Bismarck
1879-> Dual Alliance between Austria-Hungary and Prussia
German establishment of protective tariffs
British overthrow of pro-Russian leader of Afghanistan
1880s-> Defeat of Home Rules Bill (Eng/Ire)
1881-> Three Emperors’ League (Prussia, Austria-Hungary and Russia)
Czar Alexander II assassinated
1882-> Triple Alliance between Prussia, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Britain becomes protectorate of Egypt
English Married Women’s Act
1883-> Fabian Society formed
Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra
1884-> 3rd reform bill (Eng)
Fabian Society founded
1886-> British annexation of Burma
Home Rules Bill defeated
Lord Salisbury (Steak) becomes Prime Minister
-1889-> Boulanger Affair (Fra)
1887-> Reassurance treaty between Russia and Prussia
1889-> Great London Dock Strike
1890-> William II demands Bismarck resign
Treaty of Berlin
Krupp Corporation founded
1891-> Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum
1894-> Franco-Russian Alliance
Dreyfus Affair
Nicholas II becomes czar
1895-> Venezuela boundary dispute with British Guinea
1896-> Hertzl, The Jewish State
1898-> beginning of a formal Prussian navy; in competition with Britain
Fashoda Crisis (Eng)
1899-> Boer War begins 1900-2000 1900-> Labour Party formed (Eng)
Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams
1901-> GB grants Australia dominion status
1902-> Boer War ends
British military alliance with Japan
1903-> Shaw, Man and Superman
3rd Irish Land Act
Bolshevik-Menshevik split
Witte dismissed
Russian General Strike
1904-> Entente Cordiale between GB and Fra
1905-> Laic Laws separate Church and State in France
Wilhelm II makes a speech/supports the Moroccan cause
Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese war
Treaty of Portsmouth (Rus)
“Bloody Sunday”
“October Manifesto” (Rus)
Termination of the Napoleon Concordat in France
-1911-> Morocco Crises
1906-> Austria is the only country to support Germany’s stance in Morocco
Dreyfus conviction overturned
Land redemption payments for Russian serfs canceled
1st Duma meets and keeps getting dissolved by the crazy czar under the influence of a deranged wife and “holy man”
1907-> Triple Entente between Fra, GB and Rus
Universal male suffrage in Austria
Industrial Code (Aus)
Reconciliation between Eng and Rus at Anglo-Russian Convention
GB grants New Zealand dominion status
Women vote on national issues in Norway
1908-> Buchlau Agreement between Aus and Rus
Austria annexes Bosnia
1909-> Implementation of a progressive income tax in GB
1910-> GB grants S. Africa dominion status
Pope Pius X requires anti-modernist oath
1911-> German gunboat at Agadir- 2nd Moroccan crises
Stolypin assassinated
Decrease in the power of the House of Lords
GB establishes unemployment insurance
Great Coal and Railroad Strikes in GB
1912-> Social Democratic Party is the largest in the Reichstag – antiwar and antimilitaristic
3rd Irish Home Rules bill passed and neglected
-1913-> 1st and 2nd Baltic Wars
1913-> Protest against Serbian demand for a sea outlet (Aus)
1914-> Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated
Austria declares war on Serbia
Blank check issued to Austria by Germany
Germany declares war on everyone (or just Rus & Fra & GB) and allies with the Ottoman Empire
Irish Home Rules
Civil War in Ireland
GB declares war on Germany
Joyce, Portrait of a Young Man as an Artist
-1918-> WWI
1915-> Unrestricted submarine warfare (Ger)
German success on the Eastern front (against Rus)
Nicholas II takes personal command of Russian forces
Sinking of the Lusitania
Secret agreement between GB and Rus
Attack on Turkey (Gallipoli) by GB
Secret Treaty of London with Italy
1916-> Battles of Somme and Verdun
Irish Easter Rebellion
1917-> Zimmermann Telegram
February and March Revolutions
“Nicky” II abdicates
October Revolution (Rus)
Balfour Declaration issued (GB)
Russian armistice with Germany
1918-> Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Final German offensive on the Marne
Wilhelm II abdicates
Weimar Republic formed
Weimar Constitution allows women to vote
Offensive against Germany
Austrian call for Armistice (Oct. 4)
Allied forces land in Siberia
Allied Naval blockade
Civil War outbreak (Rus)
Declaration of Independence by nationalities (Aus)
Universal male suffrage in GB
Vote granted to SOME women in Britain
1919-> Treaty of Versailles (Peace of Paris)
Treaty of St. Germain (Aus)
German Workers’ Party formed
Communist movement in Germany
Creation of a democratic constitution in Germany
3rd Communist International
Attack by Poland (Rus)
1920s-> worldwide commodities crisis
1920-> Putsch Army Rebellion (Ger)
Russian White Army defeated
Polish troops withdraw
Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace
1921-> Lenin’s NEP
1922-> Treaty of Rapallo (Ger and USSR)
Ger/Pol battle over Silesia
Stalin becomes Communist Party secretary
Creation of USSR
Independence for Egypt by GB
Recognition of Irish Free State by GB
British Labour Party becomes 1 of 2 major parties
Mussolini gains power in Italy
1923-> French occupation of Rhur Valley
Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch/imprisonment, writes/publishes Mien Kampf
Germany currency crisis
1924-> Dawes Plan
Lenin dies
1925-> Locarno Treaties
USSR recognized diplomatically by all major powers but the USA
1926-> Stabilization of the franc (Fra)
German membership in League of Nations
Treaty of Berlin (Neutrality between Ger and USSR)
General Strike fails (GB)
1927-> Trades Disputes Acts
Woolfe, To the Lighthouse
1928-> Kellogg-Briand Pact
1st Five Year Plan (USSR)
1st Sabotage Trials (USSR)
Universal women’s suffrage in GB
1931-> Statue of Westminster
Off the Gold Standard (both GB)
1932-> Nazi party majority in Reichstag
Deportation and execution of landholding peasants (USSR)
Ottawa Agreement (GB)
Britain grants Iraqi independence
Lausanne Conference ends German reparations
1933-> Hitler becomes Chancellor
Germany resigns from the League of Nations and Disarmament Conference
1934-> Stavisky Affair (Fra)
Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor
1st Treason Trials (USSR)
1935-> Repudiation of Treaty of Versailles (Ger)
Nuremberg Laws passed
Italy invades Ethiopia
1936-> Victory of socialists with the Popular Front (Fra)
Germany withdraws from Locarno Agreement
Spanish Civil War - Ger and Ita support Fascists, USSR supports Republic
German military occupation of the Rhineland
Rome-Berlin Axis created
New Constitution (USSR)
Keynes, General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
1937-> Axis Powers created (Ger, Ita & Jap)
Orwell, Road to Wigen Pier
1938-> Munich Conference- Appeasement policy most unwisely enacted
Kristallnacht
Anschluss (Ger and Aus)
Munich Crisis- Sudetenland annexed (Ger)
1939-> Ger annexes Czech.
Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
Invasions of Poland (WWII begins)
USSR occupation of Baltic States
War between USSR and Finland
Britain declares war on Germany
Cash and Carry (GB)
1940-> France falls to the Nazis
Vichy Regime established in S. France
France attacked by Italy
German occupation of Norway, Denmark and lowland countries
Trotsky assassinated
British troops evacuate Dunkirk
Air Battle of Britain
Destroyers-for-Base agreement (GB)
1941-> USA enters the War
Romania, Bulgaria, & Hungary join Axis Powers
German invasion of USSR
Acceptance of Lend-Lease assistance (GB/USSR)
Atlantic Charter (GB)
1942-> Wannsee Conference (Ger)
German defeat in N. Africa
Sinking of battleship HMS Prince of Wales
Invasion of N. Africa by allies
Allied victory at El Alamien
Beveridge Report (GB)
Lewis, The Screwtape Letters
1943-> German defeat at Stalingrad (siege of Stalingrad over)
Teheran Conference between USA, GB and USSR
Casablanca (great movie) Conference
Cairo Conference
Invasion of Sicily and Italy
1944-> D-Day (Normandy Invasion)
Liberation of France
Axis defeat on Italian peninsula
USSR takes Poland from the Nazis
1945-> 4th French Republic established
Fire-bombings in Dresden (Ger)
Germany surrenders
Partition of Germany into 4 occupation zones
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
UN founded
Labour Gov’t in GB
-1951-> Attlee ministry establishes GB’s Welfare State
1946-> Monnet Plan (Fra)
Charles DeGaulle resigns
French-Indochina War
Nuremberg Trials begin
4th five year plan begins (USSR)
Churchill gives Iron Curtain speech
1947-> Communists removed from French cabinet
Shift of mantle of world leadership from GB to USA
Independence of partitioned India and Pakistan (GB)
1948-> Marshall Plan Assistance to non-Soviet countries
Berlin blockade
Berlin airlift
Yugoslavia separates from the Soviet Bloc
Burma Independence (GB)
Israel emerges as a separate state
1949-> NATO created
Constitutional Convention creating basic laws (Ger)
German Federal Republic created (West Ger)
German Democratic Republic created (East Ger)
USSR becomes a nuclear power
COMECON created
Proclamation of the Republic of Ireland
Crossman, The God that Failed
1950s-1960s-> Independence of British colonies
Increase in agricultural production
1950-> Defense contract between USSR and the People’s Republic of China
-1953-> Korean War
1952-> European Coal and Steel Community
End of Allied occupation of Germany
1953-> E. Berlin uprising
USSR suppresses riots in E. Germany
Joe Stalin kicks the bucket
1954-> The French have a lot of problems this year:
French-Algerian War begins
French defeated at Dien Bien Phu
French Indochina (Vietnam, etc.) gains independence
1955-> W. Germany joins NATO
E. Germany enters into Warsaw Pact
Remaining Soviet forces leave Austria
Warsaw Pact created
1956-> Suez Canal Crisis: Fra, GB and Israel ally against Egypt; USSR allies with Egypt
Revolts against Soviets in Poland and Hungary
Joint Anglo-Egyptian rule in the Sudan
1957-> Treaty of Rome
Sputnik launched
1958-> 5th Republic created; Charles DeGaulle rules
EEC and European Atomic Community formed
1960s-> Independence of French sub-Saharan colonies
African Financial Community organized (Fra)
France becomes a nuclear power
European Free Trade Association created
Rock ‘n Roll with the Beatles!
1960-> U-2 incident
1961-> Berlin Wall constructed
1962-> USSR withdraws from Cuban Missile Crisis
1963-> Rejection of GB for membership in the EEC
1965-> beginning of Ostpolitik (Ger)
Rhodesia’s call for immediate independence (GB)
1966-> France withdraws from Integrated NATO military command
1968-> Student strikes (Fra)
USSR suppresses revolt in Czech
1969-> DeGaulle resigns…again
1970-> WGe treaties with Poland and USSR
WGe recognizes EGe
1971-> Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)
1973-> Germany enters the UN
Britain enters EEC
1975-> USSR participates in European Economic and Security Conference
Helsinki Accords
1978-> Camp David Accords
Solidarity founded in Poland
1979-> SALT II
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Margaret Thatcher becomes 1st female Prime Minister
1981-> Francois Mitterand elected (Fra)
Martial law in Poland
1982-> Falkland Islands War (GB)
1985-> Gorbechev initiates Perestroika and Glasnost
1986-> Nuclear power plant in Chernobyl has a “small” accident
1987-> Single Europe Act
INF Treaty between USSR & USA
1989-> Berlin Wall fall down go boom
Multi-candidate elections in the USSR
1990-> Unification of West and East Germanys
Cold War ends
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (included USA; maybe that’s why GW Bush thought America was in Europe)
British poll tax imposed
1991-> France accepts Treaty of European Union (Maastricht Treaty)
Berlin becomes official capital of Germany
Warsaw Pact dismantled
START I Treaty (Rus)
Democratic election in Russia elects Yeltsin
Military Coup fails (Rus)
British participation in Gulf War
1993-> Dissolution of Congress of People’s Deputies (Rus)
Election of the Federal Assembly of Russia
START Treaty II (Does this mean START I has STOPPED?)
1994-> Last Russian troops leave Germany
Beginning of Chechnya War
1995-> Austria gains membership in EU
1996-> European Community ban on importation of British beef (Got sick cows?)
1997-> Peacekeeping forces in Bosnia
Founding act on mutual relations (NATO and Russian Federation)
Labour Party moderation under Tony Blair
Creation of Welsh and Scottish Assemblies
Britain gives Hong Kong back to China
1998-> Financial crisis (Rus) (that’s what you get when McDonald’s travels)
1999-> Euro becomes currency in Europe
Cease fire in N. Ireland
2000-> Vladimir Putin becomes President of Russia |
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May, 2012
2008
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2009
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2010
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
2011
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2012
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